The security of satellite communications (SATCOM) systems has become a growing concern as their role in geopolitical conflicts and critical infrastructure sectors expands. This was highlighted by the February 2022 cyberattack against satellite company Viasat, which the European Union considered one of the most significant hacks of space equipment to date. With the number of satellites orbiting Earth rapidly increasing, reaching as many as 16,700 according to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, the need for strong SATCOM security measures is more important than ever.
The U.S. Space Force is working on developing a next-generation, resilient SATCOM system known as the Protected Anti-Jam Tactical Satellite Communications (PATS) family of systems. This program aims to address various challenges such as increasing bandwidth, cybersecurity, resilience, and interoperability among the U.S. and its international partners. It is crucial for this system to be successful in order to protect satellite communications from potential cyber threats.
Satellite operations rely on memory, compute, and communication infrastructures that are increasingly connected to the internet, making them vulnerable to cyberattacks. Attackers could potentially gain control of a network of terrestrial-based stations communicating with satellites and issue commands to alter a satellite’s functions, posing a significant threat to critical functions such as military communications and national defense systems. It is essential for the U.S. government to continue investing in systems like PATS and prioritize international cooperation to enhance global SATCOM security.
To bolster satellite and ground system cybersecurity postures, comprehensive security measures must be implemented. Legacy systems present a challenge as they may lack the necessary safeguards against cyberattacks due to being developed before the threat of cyberattacks was widely recognized. It is important to update and secure ground control data links to protect against potential compromises. In addition to software upgrades, satellite constellations should be built with security in mind from the design phase to ensure protection against emerging threats.
Legislation and regulatory updates are also crucial for enhancing SATCOM security. The release of NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Hybrid Satellite Networks (HSN) provides guidance for improving infrastructure security and reducing risks to satellite systems. Proposed legislation like the Space Infrastructure Act aims to designate space systems, services, and technology as critical infrastructure, highlighting the importance of securing the space domain.
International cooperation and collaboration between the public and private sectors will be essential in ensuring the security of SATCOM systems. With continued commitment and innovative solutions, the U.S. and its allies can benefit from the advantages of SATCOM without compromising security. As chairman and CEO of Arcfield, Kevin Kelly plays a key role in developing technology-differentiated solutions to protect the U.S. and its allies. With over 30 years of experience in the defense and intelligence industry, Kelly is dedicated to leveraging innovation to ensure companies deliver for their customers and stay ahead of evolving threats.