China’s dominance in critical technology research investments has outpaced the United States, according to Australian researchers. This significant shift could have profound impacts on global cybersecurity, surveillance, and future warfare, experts warn.
A recent report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute highlights China’s newfound leadership in critical technology research investments, surpassing the U.S. in 57 key areas across artificial intelligence, defense, energy, biotechnology, robotics, and cyber. This marks a stark contrast from two decades ago when China only led in 3 out of 64 tracked technologies.
Among the areas where China now leads are quantum sensors, high-performance computing, gravitational sensors, space launches, and advanced semiconductor chip design and fabrication. While the U.S. maintains its leadership in quantum computing, vaccines, medical countermeasures, nuclear medicine, genetic engineering, and other fields, China’s growing influence is undeniable.
Roger Grimes, a data defense expert at KnowBe4, acknowledges Beijing’s increasing technology investment and contributions on the global stage. However, he emphasizes that the U.S. remains the leader in converting research into tangible products and services, such as AI chips, generative AI chatbots, and cryptocurrency.
The report also raises concerns about China’s dominance in newly classified high-risk technologies with potential defense applications, including radar, advanced aircraft engines, drones, and satellite positioning. This poses a risk for democratic nations, including the U.S., as they could lose their competitive edge in cutting-edge research and innovation.
In addition to China, India is also emerging as a hub for global research and innovation, ranking in the top five countries for 45 of the 64 tracked technologies. The country even surpassed the U.S. in two new technologies – biological manufacturing and distributed ledgers.
Experts warn that China could utilize AI to enhance its cyber capabilities, enabling it to bypass U.S. defenses, target critical infrastructure, and exploit vulnerabilities. Benjamin Harvey, founder of AI Squared, highlights the potential consequences of Beijing’s increasing control over key patents, which could limit U.S. innovation by restricting access to essential technologies.
To counter these challenges, experts recommend that the federal government increase research funding for agencies like the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the National Science Foundation. They also advocate for the expansion of programs like Small Business Innovation Research grants to support startups in developing solutions for federal use.
Earlier this year, DARPA awarded seven small businesses $1 million each to develop new systems using AI in cybersecurity, signaling a commitment to enhancing AI security measures. As the global technology landscape continues to evolve, it is essential for the U.S. and other democratic nations to prioritize research and innovation to maintain their competitive edge in critical technologies.